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Margraviate of Austria
The Margraviate of Austria was a southeastern frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire created in 976 out of the territory on the border with the Kingdom of Hungary. Originally under the overlordship of the Dukes of Bavaria, it was ruled by margraves of the Franconian Babenberg dynasty. It became an Imperial State in its own right, when the Babenbergs were elevated to Dukes of Austria in 1156.
==Name==
(詳細はLatin, the entity was called the ''marcha Orientalis'' ("Eastern march"), ''marchia Austriae'', or ''Austrie marchionibus''. The Old High German name ''Ostarrîchi'' first appeared on a famous deed of donation issued by Emperor Otto III at Bruchsal in November 996. The ''regione vulgari vocabulo Ostarrîchi'', that is, "the region commonly called Ostarrîchi", probably only referred to some estates around the manor of Neuhofen an der Ybbs, nevertheless the term ''Ostarrîchi'' is linguistic ancestor of the German name for Austria, ''Österreich''.
Later the march was also called the Margraviate of Austria or the Bavarian Eastern March to differentiate it from the Saxon Eastern March in the northeast. During the ''Anschluss'' period of 1938–45 the Nazi authorities tried to replace the term "Austria" with ''Ostmark'', a German translation of ''marcha Orientalis'' that had become common in 19th-century German historiography.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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